Ayn Rand misquotes William Peterson

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That‧a‧tiny‧number,‧a‧few‧hundred‧out‧of‧a‧student‧body‧of‧more‧than‧27,000,‧was‧able‧to‧disrupt‧the‧campus‧is‧the‧consequence‧of‧more‧than‧vigor‧and‧skill‧in‧agitation.‧This‧minuscule‧group‧could‧not‧have‧succeeded‧in‧getting‧so‧many‧students‧into‧motion‧without‧three‧other,‧at‧times‧unwitting,‧sources‧of‧support:‧off-campus‧assistance‧of‧various‧kinds,‧the‧University‧administration,‧and‧the‧faculty.↵
Everyone‧who‧has‧seen‧the‧efficient,‧almost‧military,‧organization‧of‧the‧agitators’‧program‧has‧a‧reasonable‧basis‧for‧believing‧that‧skilled‧personnel‧and‧money‧are‧being‧dispatched‧into‧the‧Berkeley‧battle.‧During‧demonstrations,‧the‧commanders‧of‧operations‧on‧campus-“in‧the‧field,”‧one‧might‧say-kept‧in‧touch‧with‧FSM‧headquarters‧with‧walkie-talkies.‧A‧public‧information‧center‧of‧the‧FSM‧distributed‧an‧endless‧stream‧of‧propaganda.‧When‧the‧police‧arrived‧in‧the‧illegally‧occupied‧administration‧building,‧the‧first‧person‧arrested‧was‧a‧lawyer‧well‧known‧for‧left-wing‧activities.‧‧.‧.‧.‧Around‧the‧Berkeley‧community‧a‧dozen‧“*ad‧hoc*‧committees‧to‧support”‧this‧or‧that‧element‧of‧the‧student‧revolt‧sprang‧up‧spontaneously,‧as‧though‧out‧of‧nowhere.↵
The‧course‧followed‧by‧the‧University‧administration-the‧President,‧the‧Chancellor‧acting‧under‧the‧President’s‧direction,‧and‧all‧of‧their‧various‧aides-‧.‧.‧.‧could‧hardly‧have‧better‧fostered‧a‧rebellious‧student‧body‧if‧it‧had‧been‧devised‧to‧do‧so.‧To‧establish‧dubious‧regulations‧and‧when‧they‧are‧attacked‧to‧defend‧them‧by‧unreasonable‧argument‧is‧bad‧enough;‧worse‧still,‧the‧University‧did‧not‧impose‧on‧the‧students‧any‧sanctions‧that‧did‧not‧finally‧evaporate.‧As‧Bronislaw‧Malinowski‧once‧remarked,‧the‧notion‧that‧the‧“submission‧of‧every‧member‧of‧the‧tribe‧to‧its‧laws”‧is‧“instinctive”‧may‧be‧widespread,‧but‧it‧is‧false;‧there‧is‧no‧such‧thing‧as‧“automatic‧acquiescence.”‧‧.‧.‧.‧Obedience‧to‧norms‧is‧developed‧when‧it‧is‧suitably‧rewarded,‧and‧when‧noncompliance‧is‧suitably‧punished.‧That‧professional‧educators‧should‧need‧to‧be‧reminded‧of‧this‧axiom‧indicates‧how‧deep‧the‧roots‧of‧the‧Berkeley‧crisis‧lie.↵
But‧the‧most‧important‧reason‧that‧the‧extremists‧won‧so‧many‧supporters‧among‧the‧students‧was‧the‧attitude‧of‧the‧faculty.‧Perhaps‧their‧most‧notorious‧capitulation‧to‧the‧F.S.M.‧was‧a‧resolution‧passed‧by‧the‧Academic‧Senate‧on‧December‧8,‧by‧which‧the‧faculty‧notified‧the‧campus‧not‧only‧that‧they‧supported‧all‧of‧the‧radicals’‧demands‧but‧also‧that,‧in‧effect,‧they‧were‧willing‧to‧fight‧for‧them‧against‧the‧Board‧of‧Regents,‧should‧that‧become‧necessary.‧When‧theat‧resolution‧passed‧by‧an‧overwhelming‧majority—824‧to‧115‧votes—it‧effectively‧silenced‧the‧anti-F.S.M.‧student‧organizations.

That‧a‧tiny‧number,‧a‧few‧hundred‧out‧of‧a‧student‧body‧of‧more‧than‧27,000,‧was‧able‧to‧disrupt‧the‧campus‧is‧the‧consequence‧of‧more‧than‧vigor‧and‧skill‧in‧agitation.‧This‧minuscule‧group‧could‧not‧have‧succeeded‧in‧getting‧so‧many‧students‧into‧motion‧without‧three‧other,‧at‧times‧unwitting,‧sources‧of‧support:‧off-campus‧assistance‧of‧various‧kinds,‧the‧University‧administration,‧and‧the‧faculty.↵
Everyone‧who‧has‧seen‧the‧efficient,‧almost‧military

,

‧organization‧of‧the‧agitators’‧program‧has‧a‧reasonable‧basis‧for‧believing‧that‧skilled‧personnel‧and‧money‧are‧being‧dispatched‧into‧the‧Berkeley‧battle.

‧During‧demonstrations,‧the‧commanders‧of‧operations‧on‧campus-“in‧the‧field,”‧one‧might‧say-kept‧in‧touch‧with‧FSM‧headquarters‧with‧walkie-talkies.‧A‧public‧information‧center‧of‧the‧FSM‧distributed‧an‧endless‧stream‧of‧propaganda.‧When‧the‧police‧arrived‧in‧the‧illegally‧occupied‧administration‧building,‧the‧first‧person‧arrested‧was‧a‧lawyer‧well‧known‧for‧left-wing‧activities.‧

‧.‧.‧.‧

Around‧the‧Berkeley‧community‧a‧dozen‧“*ad‧hoc*‧committees‧to‧support”‧this‧or‧that‧element‧of‧the‧student‧revolt‧sprang‧up‧spontaneously,‧as‧though‧out‧of‧nowhere.↵
The‧course‧followed‧by‧the‧University‧administration

-the‧President,‧the‧Chancellor‧acting‧under‧the‧President’s‧direction,‧and‧all‧of‧their‧various‧aides-

‧.‧.‧.‧

could‧hardly‧have‧better‧fostered‧a‧rebellious‧student‧body‧if‧it‧had‧been‧devised‧to‧do‧so.‧To‧establish‧dubious‧regulations‧and‧when‧they‧are‧attacked‧to‧defend‧them‧by‧unreasonable‧argument‧is‧bad‧enough;‧worse‧still,‧the‧University‧did‧not‧impose‧on‧the‧students‧any‧sanctions‧that‧did‧not‧finally‧evaporate.

‧As‧Bronislaw‧Malinowski‧once‧remarked,‧the‧notion‧that‧the‧“submission‧of‧every‧member‧of‧the‧tribe‧to‧its‧laws”‧is‧“instinctive”‧may‧be‧widespread,‧but‧it‧is‧false;‧there‧is‧no‧such‧thing‧as‧“automatic‧acquiescence.”‧

‧.‧.‧.‧

Obedience‧to‧norms‧is‧developed‧when‧it‧is‧suitably‧rewarded,‧and‧when‧noncompliance‧is‧suitably‧punished.‧That‧professional‧educators‧should‧need‧to‧be‧reminded‧of‧this‧axiom‧indicates‧how‧deep‧the‧roots‧of‧the‧Berkeley‧crisis‧lie.↵
But‧the‧most‧important‧reason‧that‧the‧extremists‧won‧so‧many‧supporters‧among‧the‧students‧was‧the‧attitude‧of‧the‧faculty.‧Perhaps‧their‧most‧notorious‧capitulation‧to‧the‧F

.

S

.

M

.

‧was‧a‧resolution‧passed‧by‧the‧Academic‧Senate‧on‧December‧8,‧by‧which‧the‧faculty‧notified‧the‧campus‧not‧only‧that‧they‧supported‧all‧of‧the‧radicals’‧demands‧but‧also‧that,‧in‧effect,‧they‧were‧willing‧to‧fight‧for‧them‧against‧the‧Board‧of‧Regents,‧should‧that‧become‧necessary.‧When‧th

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at

‧resolution‧passed‧by‧an‧overwhelming‧majority—824‧to‧115‧votes—it‧effectively‧silenced‧the‧anti-F

.

S

.

M

.

‧student‧organizations.